Publications Rhen, T., D. Crews, A.J. Fivizzani, and P.K. Elf. 2006. Reproductive tradeoffs and yolk steroids in female leopard geckos, Eublepharis macularius. Journal of Evolutionary Biology (in press). Rhen, T., and J.A. Cidlowski. 2006. Estrogens and glucocorticoids have opposing effects on the amount and latent activity of complement proteins in the rat uterus. Biology of Reproduction 74: 265-274. Rhen, T., and J.A. Cidlowski. 2005. Anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids: new mechanisms for old drugs. New England Journal of Medicine 353: 1711-1723. Rhen, T., J.T. Sakata, and D. Crews. 2005. Effects of gonadal sex and incubation temperature on the ontogeny of gonadal steroid concentrations and secondary sex structures in leopard geckos,Eublepharis macularius. General and Comparative Endocrinology 142: 289-296. Rhen, T., S. Grissom, C. Afshari, and J.A. Cidlowski. 2003. Dexamethasone blocks the biological effects of 17-estradiol in the rat uterus without antagonizing its global genomic actions FASEB Journal 17: 1849-1870. Rhen, T., J.T. Sakata, R. Porter, S. Wooley, and D. Crews. 2003. Changes in androgen receptor mRNA expression in the forebrain and oviduct during the reproductive cycle of female leopard geckos, Eublepharis macularius. General and Comparative Endocrinology 132: 133-141. Rhen, T., and D. Crews. 2002. Variation in reproductive behavior within a sex: neural systems and endocrine activation. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 14: 517-532. Rhen, T., and D. Crews. 2001. Distribution of androgen and estrogen receptor mRNA in the brain and reproductive tissues of the leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius. Journal of Comparative Neurology 437: 385-397. Rhen, T., J.T. Sakata, M. Zeller, and D. Crews. 2000. Sex steroid levels across the reproductive cycle of female leopard geckos, Eublepharis macularius, from different incubation temperatures. General and Comparative Endocrinology 118: 322-331. Rhen, T., and D. Crews. 2000. Organization and activation of sexual and agonistic behavior in the leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius. Neuroendocrinology 71: 252-261. Willingham, E., T. Rhen, J.T. Sakata, and D. Crews. 2000. Embryonic treatment with xenobiotics disrupts steroid hormone profiles in hatchling red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans). Environmental Health Perspectives 108: 329-332. Rhen, T. 2000. Sex-limited mutations and the evolution of sexual dimorphism. Evolution 54: 37-43. Rhen, T., E. Willingham, J.T. Sakata, and D. Crews. 1999. Incubation temperature influences sex steroid levels in juvenile red-eared slider turtles, Trachemys scripta, a species with temperature-dependent sex determination. Biology of Reproduction 61: 1275-1280. Rhen, T., J. Ross, and D. Crews. 1999. Effects of testosterone on sexual behavior and morphology in adult female leopard geckos, Eublepharis macularius.Hormones and Behavior 36: 119-128. Rhen, T., and D. Crews. 1999. Embryonic temperature and gonadal sex organize male-typical sexual and aggressive behavior in a lizard with temperature-dependent sex determination. Endocrinology 140: 4501-4508. Rhen, T. and J.W. Lang. 1999. Incubation temperature and sex affect mass and energy reserves of hatchling snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina). Oikos 86: 311-319. Bergeron, J.M., E. Willingham, C.T. Osborn III, T. Rhen, and D. Crews. 1999. Developmental synergism of steroidal estrogens in sex determination. Environmental Health Perspectives 107: 93-97. Rhen, T. and J.W. Lang. 1999. Embryonic and juvenile temperature independently influence growth in hatchling snapping turtles, Chelydra serpentina. Journal of Thermal Biology 24: 33-41. Crews, D., J. Sakata, and T. Rhen. 1998. Developmental effects on intersexual and intrasexual  variation in growth and reproduction in a lizard with temperature-dependent sex determination. Journal of Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C 119: 229-241. Rhen, T. and J.W. Lang. 1998. Among-family variation for environmental sex determination in reptiles. Evolution 52: 1514-1520. Crews, D., A.R. Cantu, T. Rhen, and R. Vohra. 1996. The relative effectiveness of estrone, estradiol 17-b, and estriol in sex reversal in the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta ), a turtle with temperature-dependent sex determination. General and Comparative Endocrinology 102: 317-326. Rhen, T., P.K. Elf, A.J. Fivizzani, and J.W. Lang. 1996. Sex-reversed and normal turtles display similar sex steroid profiles. Journal of Experimental Zoology 274: 221-226. Rhen, T. and J.W. Lang. 1995. Phenotypic plasticity in the common snapping turtle: effects of incubation temperature, clutch, and their interaction. American Naturalist 146: 726-747. Crews, D., A. Cantu, J. Bergeron, and T. Rhen. 1995. The relative effectiveness of androstenedione, testosterone and estrone, precursors to estradiol, in sex reversal in the red- eared slider (Trachemys scripta ), a turtle with temperature-dependent sex determination. General and Comparative Endocrinology 100: 119-127. Rhen, T. and J.W. Lang. 1994. Temperature-dependent sex determination in the snapping turtle: manipulation of the embryonic sex steroid environment. General and Comparative Endocrinology 96: 243-254. Book Chapters Rhen, T. 2006. Evolution of sex differences: genetic, physiological, and ecological mechanisms. In Blanckenhorn, W., D.J. Fairbairn, and T. Szekely, eds., Evolution of Sexual Size Dimorphism. Oxford University Press, Oxford (submitted). Rhen, T., and D. Crews. 2006. Why are there two sexes? In Becker, J.B., K. Berkley, N. Geary, E. Hampson, J. Herman, and E. Young, eds., Sex on the Brain: From Genes to Behavior. Oxford University Press, Oxford (submitted). Rhen, T., and J.W. Lang. 2004. Phenotypic effects of incubation temperature. Pp. 90-98 In N. Valenzuela and V. Lance, eds., Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. Rhen, T., and J.A. Cidlowski. 2004. Nuclear factor-kappa B and glucocorticoid receptors. Pp. 391- 398 In L. Martini, ed., Encyclopedia Endocrine Diseases. Elsevier Science Inc., New York. Rhen, T., and J.A. Cidlowski. 2004. Steroid hormone action. Pp. 155-174 In J.F. Strauss and R. Barbieri, eds., Yen and Jaffe’s Reproductive Endocrinology, 5th Edition. W.B. Saunders, Orlando. Rhen, T., and D. Crews. 2001. Sex and gender. Pp.154-164 In C.W. Fox, D.A. Roff, and D.J. Fairbairn eds., Evolutionary Ecology: Concepts and Case Studies. Oxford University Press, Oxford.